Monday, 14 March 2022

class 11th chapter 1st biology the living world

Chapter 1st the Living world


Characteristic of living being:

ЁЯМЯGrowth is fundamental characteristic of all living organisms.
ЁЯМЯтАМIt is regarded as an intrinsic property of living organism through which they can increase both in mass and in number of cells in their body.
ЁЯМЯтАМ All living organism whether unicellular or multicellular grows by cell division.
ЁЯМЯтАМ The pattern and duration of growth is distinct in different organisms.
ЁЯМЯтАМ In unicellular organism like bacteria, amoeba, growth, occurs by cell division also leads to the growth of their population.
тАМ ЁЯМЯGrowth and reproduction are mutually inclusive event in unicellular organisms.

  Characteristic of living being.
ЁЯМЯIn higher animals and plants growth and reproduction are linked but are mutually exclusive events.
тАМ ЁЯМЯAlso during maintenance to replace lost cells due to some injury etc from the body.
тАМ ЁЯМЯTo maintain original size shape and structure of a body new cells are formed by division in various living beings.
тАМ ЁЯМЯGrowth involves both increase in mass and number of cells which take place from inside the body of living organism and is irreversible.
тАМ ЁЯМЯOn the other hand non-living object can also be seen growing link snow mountain grow by addition of snow them, crystal increase in size by addition of molecule.



ЁЯМЯNon- living objects growth is extrinsic as compared to intrinsic growth in living organism.

ЁЯМЯтАМNon- living objects can increase their mass by accumulation of material on surface by any external agency which can be reserved.

тАМ ЁЯМЯGrowth, therefore cannot be taken has defining property of living organisms through it takes place in all living organism and is absent in dead organisms.




Reproduction

тАМ reproduction is one of the fundamental characteristics living organisms.

тАМIt can be defined as the production of new individuals of same kind by the grown up individuals.

тАМ It is the characteristic exhibits the living organisms which can produce new young ones of their own kind.


They are two modes of reproduction.
(1) Asexual reproduction
(2) Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction:-
ЁЯМЯ In asexual mode, new individuals are produced from specialised or any unispecialised part of single parent (therefore with or without the involvement of gamete formation)

ЁЯМЯ For instance, unicellular organism like bacteria, algae and amoeba divide by fission to produce new individuals.

ЁЯМЯ In such processes parent body undergoes division to from two or more individuals that is number of cells increases.

ЁЯМЯ Unicellular organisms reproduction is synonymous with growth.
ЁЯМЯ In lower or organism like yeasts and hydra budding takes place in which individuals are produced by the formation of an out growth known as тАЬbud".
ЁЯМЯ These buds first grows on parent's body and then separates from it, to rise arise new individuals.
ЁЯМЯ fragmentation is also another mode of a asexual reproduction, in this body of an organism ( parent body) breaks up into two or more parts (known as fragments )each of which grows into a new individual.
ЁЯМЯ It is also quite common in filamentous alagae, fungus, bryophytes ( at protonema stage which occurs during life cycle in Moses.)
ЁЯМЯ Planaria (flatworm)exhibits an extraordinary ability to regenerate it's lost body parts completely (which is known as true regeneration.)
ЁЯМЯ This is a method of reproduction as new Planarians develop by splitting of parent Planarian body either lengthwise or transversely.


Sexual reproduction
ЁЯМЯ In higher organism like plant, animals sexual mode of reproduction is quite common which involves formation of gametes (that is sex cells) from two parents of opposite sex but same species.
ЁЯМЯ This gametes that fuse to form zygote (2n) which developes to form a new origin of same kind.

ЁЯМЯ Reproduction is shown by all living organism except a few which are either sterile aur infertile like mules, work-bees infertile human couples, etc do not reproduce at all.

ЁЯМЯ Reproduction can be regarded as characteristic of living organisms but it is not their exclusive defining characteristic.


Metabolism:-
ЁЯМЯ The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body of living organism is known as metabolism.
Anabolism
ЁЯМЯ The metabolic processes which involves the synthesis molecules are called anabolism.
ЁЯМЯ Example:- synthesis of protein from amino acid.
Catabolism
ЁЯМЯ Large molecules are broken down into small are known as catabolism.
ЁЯМЯ Example:- sugar broken down into molecules of water and carbon dioxide to liberate energy that is ATP( Adenosine triphosphate).

Metabolism
ЁЯМЯ On the other hand non- living objects do not show metabolism so metabolism can be regarded as defining feature of all living organisms.

ЁЯМЯ The way cell performs on its functions or process to organise or constitute the body of an organism ( cellular organisation) is unique and that can be regarded as defining feature of all life forms.


Wednesday, 9 March 2022

What is rent called in English and which word will be used for rent?рдЗрдВрдЧреНрд▓рд┐рд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдХреЛ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рдХрд╣рд╛рдВ-рдХрд╣рд╛рдВ рдкрд░ рдХреМрди рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛ рд╡рд░реНрдб рдпреВрдЬрд╝ рдХрд░реЗрдВрдЧреЗред

In English, there are so many words used for "rents", but today we take the exit to mean the exact. рдЗрдВрдЧреНрд▓рд┐рд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдЗрддрдиреЗ рд╕рд╛рд░реЗ рд╢рдмреНрдж тАЬрдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП тАЭрдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдП рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЖрдЬ рд╣рдо рдЗрдирдХрд╛ рдПрдЧреНрдЬреИрдХреНрдЯ(рд╕рд╣реА) рдорддрд▓рдм рд╕рдордЭреЗрдВрдЧреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛рдВ рдкрд░ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ. 
rent ,fare ,rental,hire,lease 
Rent (рд░рдиреНтАНрдЯреНтАМ) =реЫрдореАрди, рдордХрд╛рди рдпрд╛ рдЗрдорд╛рд░рдд рдХрд╛ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдпрд╛
Fare рдлрд╝реЗрдЕ(рд░реНтАМ)=рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд╛рд╣рди рдореЗрдВ рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рднрд╛реЬрд╛; Rental(тАН╦Ирд░рдиреНтАМрдЯреНтАМрд▓реНтАМ)=рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдкрд░ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЯреЗрд▓реАрдлрд╝реЛрди рдЖрджрд┐ рдХреЗ) рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ .
Hire(тАН╦Ирд╣рд╛рдЗрдЕ(рд░реНтАМ))=рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд╕реНтАНрддреБ рдХреЛ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдкрд░ рд▓реЗрдирд╛.
 Lease(рд▓реАрд╕реНтАМ)=рдПрдХ рдХрд╝рд╛рдиреВрдиреА рдХрд╝рд░рд╛рд░рдирд╛рдорд╛ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рднрд╡рди рдпрд╛ рднреВрдЦрдВрдб рдХреЛ рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдЕрд╡рдзрд┐ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдкрд░ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ; рдкрдЯреНрдЯрд╛, рд▓реАреЫ, рдЗреЫрд╛рд░рд╛,рдкрдЯреНрдЯреЗ рдкрд░ рд▓реЗрдирд╛ рдпрд╛ рджреЗрдирд╛


Note рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рдЕрдВрдЧреНрд░реЗреЫреА рдореЗрдВ, рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд╕реНтАНрддреБ рдХреЛ рдереЛреЬреЗ рд╕рдордп рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд▓реЗрдирд╛ рд╣реЛ рддреЛ hire рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ
тАФWe hired a car for the day.рд╣рдордиреЗ рджрд┐рди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдПрдХ рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдкрд░ рд▓реАред
рдФрд░ рдмрд╛рдд рд▓рдВрдмреЗ рд╕рдордп рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣реЛ рддреЛ rent рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ
тАФto rent a house/flat/television.рдШрд░/рдлреНрд▓реИрдЯ/рдЯреЗрд▓реАрд╡рд┐рдЬрди рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдкрд░ рд▓реЗрдирд╛
рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХреА рдЕрдВрдЧреНрд░реЗреЫреА рдореЗрдВ рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ rent рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред
рдпрджрд┐ рдЕрд╡рдзрд┐ рд▓рдВрдмреА рд╣реЛ рддреЛ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рдЕрдВрдЧреНрд░реЗреЫреА рдореЗрдВ rent рдпрд╛ let рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ
 Shakiluddin rents out rooms to students. рд╢рдХреАрд▓реБрджреНрджреАрди рдиреЗ рдЫрд╛рддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдХрдорд░реЗ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдП рдкрд░ рджрд┐рдПред
We let our house while we were in India for a year.рдЬрдм рд╣рдо рдПрдХ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдереЗ рддрдм рд╣рдордиреЗ рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдШрд░ рд░рд╣рдиреЗ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ред

ЁЯУЬ рдЬрдирддрд╛ рдореЗрдбрд┐рдХрд▓ рд╕реНрдЯреЛрд░ ЁЯУЬLicence No. RLF20UP2025004419ЁЯУМ рд╣рдорд╛рд░реЗ рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рд╕рднреА рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЕрдВрдЧреНрд░реЗрдЬрд╝реА (Allopathic) рдПрд╡рдВ рджреЗрд╢реА (Ayurvedic) рджрд╡рд╛рдЗрдпрд╛рдБ рдЙрдЪрд┐рдд рдореВрд▓реНрдп рдкрд░ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рд╣реИрдВредЁЯй║ рдПрдХ рдмрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ рдХрд╛ рдЕрд╡рд╕рд░ рдЕрд╡рд╢реНрдп рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░реЗрдВ, рдЖрдкрдХреА рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рджреИрд╡ рддрддреНрдкрд░!ЁЯУН рдкрддрд╛: рд░рд░реВрдЖ, рдмрдгреНрдбрд╛, рддрд╣рд╕реАрд▓ рдкреБрд╡рд╛рдпрд╛рдВ, рдЬрд╝рд┐рд▓рд╛ рд╢рд╛рд╣рдЬрд╣рд╛рдБрдкреБрд░ЁЯР╛ рдЬрд╛рдирд╡рд░реЛрдВ рдХреА рджрд╡рд╛рдЗрдпрд╛рдБ (Veterinary Medicines) рднреА рдЙрдЪрд┐рдд рдореВрд▓реНрдп рдкрд░ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рд╣реИрдВредЁЯСитАНтЪХя╕П рдпреЛрдЧреНрдпрддрд╛:ЁЯОУ D. Pharma (AKTU)ЁЯФм рдкреНрд░реЛреж Drx. рдореЛрд╣рдореНрдордж рд╕реЛрд╣рд┐рдм (D. Pharmacist)ЁЯУЮ рд╕рдВрдкрд░реНрдХ рдХрд░реЗрдВ: 707626833ЁЯХЫ 24 рдШрдВрдЯреЗ рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдзтШО рдЗрд╕ рдирдВрдмрд░ рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд╕реЗ рдХрднреА рднреА рд╕рдВрдкрд░реНрдХ рдХрд░реЗрдВ, рдЖрдкрдХреА рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рджреИрд╡ рддрддреНрдкрд░редтЬи ЁЯТК рдЬрдирддрд╛ рдореЗрдбрд┐рдХрд▓ рд╕реНрдЯреЛрд░ тАУ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рд╕реНрдереНрдп рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдПрдХ рднрд░реЛрд╕реЗрдордВрдж рдирд╛рдо! ЁЯТК тЬи

ЁЯМЯ рд╣рдорд╛рд░реА рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛рдПрдБ ЁЯМЯ тЬЕ рдЕрдВрдЧреНрд░реЗрдЬреА рджрд╡рд╛рдЗрдпрд╛рдБ (Allopathic Medicines) тАУ рд╣рд░ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдПрд╡рдВ рдмреНрд░рд╛рдВрдбреЗрдб рджрд╡рд╛рдЗрдпрд╛рдБ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдзред тЬЕ рджреЗ...

Shakil Ansari